Under the motto “Science for Global Transformation”, the S20 Academies of Sciences met in Rio de Janeiro in 2024 and focused their discussions on five themes related to the UN 2030 Agenda: (1) Artificial Intelligence; (2) Bioeconomy; (3) Energy Transition Process; (4) Health Challenges; and (5) Social Justice. They recommend governments consider their demographic trends, proactively anticipating and adapting to changes in their workforce size and age distribution, as these factors will significantly impact social security, pension systems, health and welfare programs, thereby affecting economic growth and competitiveness. Arguing that it is essential for the educational system to address the diverse needs of both aging and youthful populations. Grasping social and demographic trends is essential for anticipating technological requirements and driving innovation. Their full recommendations can be found here. These recommendations will be presented to the heads of state and government of the G20 later this year.