The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has announced that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and NAS international member Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. The laureates identified the immune system’s security guards, regulatory T cells, which prevent immune cells from attacking our own body. These discoveries launched the field of peripheral tolerance, spurring the development of medical treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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